Analysis Of The Book The Devil Of The White City

The Intrigue of Chaos Part 1: The Devil in the White City is a true crime novel that takes place during the building, during, and aftermath of the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair. There are 2 main narratives,the first is Daniel Burnham, one of the main architects and designers of the World s Fair. This plot line shows the extreme stress that all of the Architects experienced, as the construction was slow to start, slow to build, and was filled with shortages, deaths, and awful communication. The second narrative is centered around H.H. Holmes, one of America’s first notorious serial killers. His narrative takes place in his â€Å"Murder Castle† and shows his complicated history and his numerous credit scams, identity scams, and most importantly,†¦show more content†¦(48 Larson)† Good Literature is what it sounds like it’s good but nothing amazing. It is for example, the Hunger Games, where it is a fun and exciting read, but doesn’t spark a change or awakening. This distinction between good and great is vital to the gradual understanding of what makes the human mind tick. Good literature might be nice for a quick and easy read on the beach, but Great literature or nonfiction will change one’s view point and requires detail and focus to extract its full meaning. Our group established 5 criterions to state what makes great literature. Our first criterion was â€Å"A great book must contain a message that applies to not only those who have experienced situations in the book, but provide perspective to those who have not.† A message that can be understood by numerous groups of people is vital to a great piece of literature. Our second criterion is that in order to teach a lesson it must expose a fault in human nature or in society. Our society is just as flawed as humanity is. Acknowledging these flaws is the first step in overcoming the trials of society and man. Our third criterion is centered ar ound the craftsmanship of the literary work. This can apply to a groundbreaking new approach to narration. Or even complex characters and a unique and individual style (Faulkner.) In summary, the 3rd criterion tries to move past just the message itself, and to focus onShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Devil Of The White City Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesHaley Triplett Tyler Johnson World History 25 November 2016 The Devil in the White City Non-Fiction Book Report That night that the Titanic sinks, on board the Olympic on April 12, 1912, Daniel Hudson Burnham search mindfully for quite a while at his years arranging the Chicago World s Fair of 1893, held to respect the 400th commemoration of Columbus disclosure of America. In 1890, Chicago is a quickly developing city and needing to substantiate itself something particularly to the moreRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Devil Of The White City : Murder, Magic, And Madness At The Fair2200 Words   |  9 Pagestogether in the turbulent and chaotic environment of Chicago in the late 1800’s. The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America by Erik Larson is a Non-Fiction book, but it gives essential information necessary to understand where the concepts of architectural design and the depraved mind of serial killers began in the U.S.. The book reviews help illuminate the highlights of the book and the balance between good and evil. H.H. Holmes is considered America’s firstRead MoreSummary Of Erik Larson s The Devil s The Red Devil And Where Is The White City1176 Words   |  5 Pages2003 book â€Å"The Devil in the White City†, including a summary, an analysis of the book s structure, and a discussion of the real-life individuals and events at the heart of the story. !!!Who s the Devil, and Where is the White City? When Leonardo DiCaprio and Martin Scorsese team up to make a big-budget movie based on your book, you know you ve arrived. This doesn t happen to most nonfiction authors, but it s happening to Erik Larson, best known for his 2003 book The Devil in the White City:Read MoreThe White City By Erik Larson887 Words   |  4 Pages Erik Larson’s literary nonfiction novel â€Å"The Devil in the White City† surrounds the events of the 1893 Columbian Exposition World’s Fair in Chicago. Larson does a magnificent job intertwining the lives of two men who were changed by the events of the fair. Daniel H. Burnham, the brilliant architect behind the legendary 1893 World s Fair and Dr. H. H. Holmes, the cunning serial killer who used the fair to lure his victims to their death. The purpose of this review is not only to summarize Larson’sRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Devil In The White City764 Words   |  4 PagesDevil in the White City Rhetorical Analysis Essay How can two people be so different, yet so similar? The World’s Columbian Exposition was a major event in the 19th century. The fair was something that’s never been done before in history triumphing the famous Eiffel Tower. As spectacular as the fair was there were murders being committed without any signs of slowing down. The Devil in the White City tells a story between the architect Daniel Burnham and the infamous serial killer H.H. Holmes. ErikRead MoreDevil in a Blue Dress Rhetorical Analysis Novel vs. Film Essay2428 Words   |  10 PagesDevil in a Blue Dress: Novel vs. Film The hardboiled mystery novel, Devil in a Blue Dress, by Walter Mosley was first published in 1990 and was acknowledged by former U.S. President, Bill Clinton, as one of his many favorite novelists (Easy Writer). Taking place in post-war Los Angeles, the story is narrated by an African American laborer, Easy Rawlins, who is transformed into an L.A. detective after being pulled in to the affairs of local townspeople. The successful novel continued onto screenRead MoreWhen Art Imitates Art757 Words   |  3 Pagesof dismissing anything that is not considered fine art as culturally and intellectually inferior. The restrictive nature of this approach leaves us with an elitist viewpoint and a sense of supremacy. And when talking about supremacy, whether it is white, black or even cultural, it is in no way something positive. Albeit, it is difficult to control the feeling of superiority when talking to someone who genuinely loves and admires singers with lyrics like: â€Å"Been around th e world, dont speak the languageRead MoreGood And Evil : Nel And Sula1577 Words   |  7 Pagesharsh line drawn by the people of the Bottom as to what good and evil looks like, making it apparent that morality is not black and white but more ambiguous. Good cannot be the direct opposite of evil, if those who represent good and evil are both good and evil themselves. The idea that Sula is evil while Nel is good is torn down in Nel’s mind as well, as near the book s end she reflects on the death of Chicken Little. Morrison writes â€Å"All these years she had been secretly proud of her calm, controlledRead MoreReview of James H. Cones Martin Malcolm America: A Dream or A Nightmare1310 Words   |  6 PagesReview of James H. 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We learn that almost all the people in maycomb county are part of the KKK. Character

Essay on Unseen Consequences in Organizational Change

Unseen Consequences in Organizational Change I currently work for command Zulu, which is a detachment from the headquarters located in Virginia. Zulu employs two officers and four enlisted personnel whose primary job is conducting inspections on all East Coast Trident submarines. The two officers fill the roles of Officer in Charge and Assistant Officer in Charge. The four enlisted personnel are specialists in the areas of security, safety, technical operations, and administrative programs. An organizational change occurred a couple of years ago that shifted our chain of command to a higher headquarters. Command Zulu’s organizational culture significantly changed after the reorganization left the trust and customer relationships†¦show more content†¦Strategy The strategy for change implementation was haphazard and not well thought-out. A plan for change did not exist nor did it include any of the recommendations that Spector (2012) discussed as effective tools f or managing organizational change. Specifically, none of the elements of Kurt Lewin’s three stages of change implementation that Spector discussed as unfreezing, moving, and refreezing organizational norms were directed. Instead, Command Zulu reorganized without fully explaining the reasons to the customers (e.g. inspected units). The lack of understanding resulted in negative relationships for at least a year. Leadership never considered associated risk without a plan for change and what Bruch, Gerber, and Maier (2005) explained as creating a haphazard or improvised plan and failing to determine whether the organization needs change. Command Zulu leaders never once conducted dialogue or diagnosis to determine if the organization was ready for change. Leadership never developed a method of diagnosis that Cummings and Worley (2009) explained as a necessary part of change implementation through data collection for future intervention points. Additionally, command Zulu le adership did not implement change in the correct sequence which Spector (2012) discussed as having the potential of negative results or even failure associated with change not implemented sequentially. Not having a solid plan resulted in negativeShow MoreRelatedBody Cameras Improve Police Accountability Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesAgainst the Police: A Randomized Controlled trail states, â€Å"Getting caught breaking rules is often registered as behavior that can potentially lead to negative consequences such as sanctions, an outcome most individuals wish to avoid.† ( ) Cameras are likely to deter people from behaving as they normally would. 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Introduction Organisations have been faced with a more and more competitive environ-ment and technological change over the last 30 years (D’aveni; Volberda, cited in Riordan, Vandenberg, and Richardson 2005, p. 471). Thus, nowa-days, employees have to be more flexible and in possession of high skills. Because of these requirements organisations have to choose

Clan

Clan-X Essay Theres a new kid at school, his name is Leigh, he thinks he is such a big shot-know all. When he rocked up at school on his very first day, he tried to do a fancy bunny-hop on his crappie, smashed up old bike and stacked it. It was hilarious, especially when he tried to get back on. He just fell straight over it again and broke three of his spokes and started to cry. He walked around school the entire week, showing off in front of everyone, telling them how good he was, trying so hard to be everyones friend, but we made sure nobody liked him. We were part of a Clan I started called Clan-X. My gang members were: Rene, Grant, Mark, Trent, Tim, Daimien and myself, Cameron. We basically just pushed people around for kicks. Usually people that were half our size and walked around by themselves. We liked to blow up peoples letter boxes the most, usually just at random. Whenever any new kids came to our school, we used to tease and make fun of them, so they felt unwelcome and had no friends. Usually they left the school, we loved it when they did that. Anyway, back to the story On Friday afternoon, just after school, we were all walking home talking about how much of a loser this new guy was. By the time we got to the end of the street, we had all agreed that we should do something totally outrageous to his cat because he had been bragging about it all week. On Saturday, we all met up at the local park and brought along little tools which we thought might come in handy for this sinister exercise. Grant and Rene brought some rope and a switch-blade. Trent and Mark brought a bottle of methylated spirits and some matches. Tim and Daimien brought a voice scrambler and a mobile phone and I brought some explosives, which I got from the local markets. We thought about what we were going to actually do. Finally, I stood up and said, Okay, First, I will jump Leighs back fence and grab the cat. Ill take Tim and Daimien with me just in case I cant find it. Grant and Rene can then tie it up to a tree and cut its whiskers off. Then Trent and Mark can saturate it with methylated spirits, making sure not to drown it, as we want it to burn alive. You guys can start to run down the street and Ill call up Leigh on the mobile phone and say Madness takes its toll, please have exact change. Then Ill throw a K0205 at his front door. When it goes off Ill light the cat up and run. Well all meet back at the school. Oh, and dont forget, if you get caught, Ill take the heat, my parents couldnt care less if I was at the cop shop. Everyone was silent, Grant and Rene gave me sick grins. Tim quickly stood up and said, Sure, we toast his cat, and scare the crap out of him, but what does he learn from it? and then Daimien butted in, Yeah, his right, we should like leave a note or something. I thought for a second and said, Okay, when I get home Ill write him a note out of news paper clippings. Well leave it under his door-mat or something. Everyone put your stuff in my bag here and then wed better get back to our homes. Be back here at 10:00pm tonight. As I was walking home, I was thinking how funny the look on Leighs face would be when I lit up that helpless cat, and how confused he would be when he heard the words Madness takes its toll, please have exact change. I simply couldnt wait. When I finally got home, I went through all the news papers and all the magazines I could find. After about an hour I had finished the letter. It read: IF YOU DONT LEAVE THIS SCHOOL BY THE END OF THE WEEK, IT WILL BE YOU THAT BURNS. .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b , .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b .postImageUrl , .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b , .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b:hover , .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b:visited , .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b:active { border:0!important; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b:active , .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub9acdef949ac1bf0b0c1851dab6f7e7b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Red Room by HG Wells with The Signalman by Charles Dickens EssayBUDDY LOVE CLAN-X. When I got to the park at 10:00pm everyone was already there, waiting for me. It was dark and everything was silent. Leigh only lived around the corner from the park. I found his address from the very helpful Telstra operator. When we arrived at Leighs house Daimien and Tim, without saying a word jumped the fence, I followed. We found the cat asleep on the back door mat. I grabbed it quickly and we all jumped back over the fence. It was a lot easier then we thought it would be but the second I handed it to Grant, it started scratching us. Rene quickly tied it to the tree, extra tight so it could hardly breathe. Grant cut its whiskers off and it stopped scratching him. Mark hesitated as he poured the methylated spirits on it, but Trent hurried him as he saw the lights in the house turn on. I stared at the lights for a moment and then whispered, You guys wait up the road, just in case they give chase, youll get a head-start. They started jogging up the dark road, Daimien tripped over Tim, but apart from that, it was all going smoothly. I dialed Leighs number, I could hear the phone from outside. He answered, Hello. I pushed the button on the voice scrambler and said, Madness takes its toll, please have exact change. Before he could say anything, I lit up the K0205. It started to flare and I threw it at his door step. It exploded it sounded like a bomb. He came rushing out and I stared into his colorless eyes, as he saw his cat tied to the tree. The innocent cat gave a helpless meow as I set it alight. I ran down the street towards the others laughing wickedly as they tried to find reason to what we had actually done. I heard Leigh scream as I yelled Cmon, get the hell outta here. We all started running towards the school. When we got there I said as my breathe was returning, Damn, I forgot to put the note in his letter-box. You guys go home. Ill finish it off. Ill see you all at school tomorrow. They all left immediately without saying a thing. I searched for the note in my back pocket and then running as fast I could, I put the note in his locker and began to walk home. As I was walking home I began to ask myself questions I had never really thought about Why am I such a bully? What have the people I pick on ever done to me? What do people think of me? What do I think of me? Am I insane? At that moment it seemed clear. I was insane. I began to run home, thoughts were rushing through my head. I pictured myself shooting hundreds of people, then myself. I could see myself lighting a petrol bomb and throwing it into a crowd, burning people just for fun. My head began to spin and I rushed into the house. I remembered that there was a gun somewhere in the garage, with heaps of ammunition. I raced into the garage and grabbed the gun out of the second-draw. It was a pump-action shotgun, next to a nap-sack full of ammunition more than enough for what I was about to do. I loaded the gun and threw the bag on my back and crept into my parents room. I shot Dad first. My mother sat up and screamed then I shot her dead. After having a quick cigarette, I walked outside, it was about 11:30pm. A Police car raced down the street and came to a screeching halt in front of my house. Someone must have heard the shots and the screams and called the Police. I loaded up the gun and shot straight through the front window of the car. The driver was dead. I shot again, this time at the other Police officer. I grinned and walked towards the car. .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 , .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 .postImageUrl , .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 , .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0:hover , .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0:visited , .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0:active { border:0!important; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0:active , .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0 .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3dd6f5ef22dcdd733920448f764019a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: It's the journey not the destination that matters EssayI opened the drivers side door to the Police car and pulled the lifeless body of the driver out. The other police officer seemed to be breathing, so I pushed him out of the car, reversed over him and the speed off down the street. I drove straight down to Leighs house. He was sitting at the table with his parents, I could see the whimp crying, I think his mother was too. When they saw the Police car pull up, his mother rushed out with the burnt body of the cat in her arms, his father followed. When they saw me she dropped the cat and tried to run, but I shot out her legs. Leigh screamed a fearful, No!!! and while his f ather tried to understand what was actually happening I shot him in the stomach. There was blood all over Leighs front lawn. His father was almost dead and his mother was trying to crawl away. I saw Leigh race into the kitchen just after I pulled the trigger and shot both of his parents dead. I reloaded the gun and walked calmly into the kitchen. I knew that I wouldnt leave this kitchen alive, I could feel it in my stomach. Leigh charged at me and stabbed me in the middle of my chest. I pulled the trigger on the gun and Leigh flew through his kitchen window, he was still alive, but only just. As I was about to pull the knife out of my bloody chest, I could hear millions of people screaming, then they all began to ask me different questions, and then they all began to talk to each other. I couldnt think. My head began to spin and everything was blurring. I quickly pulled the knife out of my chest, I think that hurt more then when Leigh stabbed it into me. I slashed my ankles, and then my wrists. There was blood everywhere, then I vomited. I could feel chunks of blood flowing out of my mouth, like water flowing over a waterfall. Then, in a final act of insanity, I rammed the gun down my throat, ready to pull the trigger. At that moment, everything was calm and silent. It seemed as if nothing had happened and the world was a beautiful place. Then I pulled the trigger. A flash of white came rushing through my head. This lasted for only a few seconds. Then I blanked out. When I woke up I wondered where I was. I looked at my chest there were no scars at all. I looked around, the room it seemed very familiar. I heard a voice yell, Cameron, dont be late for school! It was my mother. I sat up and ran around the house, faster then I had ever ran in my life. I was home! Did God give me another chance? I didnt really care, but when I went to school that day, there was a new guy in my class, his name was Leigh. He was a really great guy my best friend, in fact. We got on like a cat on fire. By the time I went to bed that night, I had an idea of what had happened. I had dreamt all of that Clan-X stuff I think. It just seemed so real! Well, I guess I will never know what actually happened, but I do know one thing I am going to write it all down.

Mac Flecknoe as a Satire free essay sample

Brower (1959) comments him that the whole account of poetic composition indicates clearly that Dryden sought for intellectual strength and rational precision in form. This indication is found as well in Mac Flecknoe. Dryden’s role as a poetic prophet to his literary society is emphasized through his use of satirical form. Its disparity and humour display â€Å"true wit,† the aim of any seventeenth century author. Mac Flecknoe represents the popularity of satire during Dryden’s day. Clarence Hugh Holman and William Harmon define satire as â€Å"a literary manner that blends a critical attitude with humor and wit for the purpose of improving human institutions or humanity† (447). This literary convention, known for its use of clever and unusual conceit, seeks to both inform and educate readers about social decorum and moral values. About the poem (MacFlecknoe) Oliver Gold Smith in his article The Beauties of English Poetry (1967), as it is quoted by Wheatly writes: The severenity of this satire, and the excellence of its versification give it a distinguished rank in this species of composition. We will write a custom essay sample on Mac Flecknoe as a Satire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At present, an ordinary reader would scarcely suppose that Shadwell, who is here meant by MacFlecknoe, was worth being chastised, and that Dryden, descending to such game, was like an JIBS (Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra) Vol. 1/ Nomor 2/ Juli Desember 2001 127 eagle stooping to catch flies. The truth however is, Shadwell at one time held divided reputation with this great poet. Every age produces its fashionable dances, who, by following the transcient topic or humor of the day, supply talkative ignorance with materials for conversation. Wheatly, 1967: 161). zsdbn holding up vice or folly to ridicule or lampooning individuals. The use of ridicule, irony, sarcasm, etc. , in speech or writing for the ostensible purpose of exposing and discourage vice or folly. Such a work uses the elevated style of the classical epic poem such as  The Iliad  to satirize human follies. A mock epic pretends that a person, a place, a thing, or an idea is extraordinary when—in the authors view—it is actually insignificant and trivial. For  example, a mock epic about an inconsequential U. S. resident such as Millard Fillmore might compare him to such rulers as Pericles,  Julius Caesar, Saladin, Louis XIV, and George Washington. . In writing Mac  Flecknoe,  John Dryden  imitated not only the characteristics of Homers epics but also those of later writers such asVirgil,  Dante, and  Milton. In its opening lines of MacFlecknoe introduce Flecknoe who is comparable to emperor Augustus who has power in the realms of nonsense. The faculty of the poet in creating satire is on his giving value on any eleme nt that he considers valueless. Dryden praises Richard Flecknoe for his ignorance in poetic world. In John Dryden and His Satire MacFlecknoe (Joseph Supardjana) 128 this condition he decides to settle the question of succession. While looking for a successor he has decided on Shadwell who must reign. The reason is, it is Shadwell who can imitate the bad poetry Richard Flecknoe had written. This idea is in line with the following lines of MacFlecnoe. ’tis resolv’d; for nature pleads that he Should only rule, who most resembles me: â€Å"Sh†¦.. lone my perfect image bears,Mature in dullness from his tender years. Sh†¦.. alone of all my sons, is he Who stands confirm’d n full stupidity† MacFlecknoe  can be read as a satire directed against a representative of what Dryden perceived as a bad poet or dramatist. He stands for dullness and fog as opposed to sharp wit. He is the king of mediocrity. The poem is also a commentary the on Art and its’ relation to Nature. Dryden saw Art as â€Å"Nature’s handmaid†, that is, true Art should imitate nature as closely as possible. The flaw of MacFlecknoe’s poetry is that it is unnatural – poetry doesn’t flow naturally from his pen – his creative process is compared  to labouring – he threshes  out forced metric lines: â€Å"thy Paper in thy Thrashing-Hand†. Even the music in his plays is antithetical to nature: â€Å"The Treble squeaks doe fear, the Bases Rore;† Thus, Shadwell’s work is not true art because it is not a mirror of nature. 1  Part of this conception of a non-masculine and unnatural art emerges in images of pregnancy or fertility which do not result in creative output – what Dryden calls â€Å"Pangs without birth, and fruitless Industry†. ) Historically speaking Flecknoe assumed the throne as King of Nonsense. .When the time comes for him to choose which of his sons is worthy to succeed him and â€Å"wage immortal war with wit† (line 12), Flecknoe decides that the son most like him should receive the honor. That son is Thomas Shadwell, who has been â€Å"mature in dullness from his tender years† (line 16) and is the only one of his offspring who stands â€Å"confirmd in full stupidity† (line 18). . So Shadwell inherits the throne as  Mac  Flecknoe (son of Flecknoe). . Shadwell is so witless (and, therefore, perfect for the throne) that he does no more thinking than a monarch oak shading a plain. There are others with similar virtues, such as Heywood and Shirley. However, other writers are no match for Shadwell—not even his father. True, Flecknoe was a renowned dunce, but he was merely a  harbinger, a forerunner, to prepare the way for the ultimate dunce, his son. Nitwit writers who came before Shadwell occasionally displayed the dimmest glimmer of intelligence. But Shadwell never wrote a line that made any sense. The proud father of Shadwell hopes that his sons domain will one day encompass all the earth and that he will produce new dull plays to delight the dimwitted. â€Å"The people cryd amen,† the narrator says. Satire focus rather on those things which we can correct in order to be better than we are. It invites us to scorn the target in order to spurn that activity,so is seen in Mac Flecknoe when Dryden mocks at Shadwell. At the basis of every good traditional satire is a sense of moral outrage or indignation. Dryden found an inordinate reliance on the idea of Humours to be  crippling to the art of characterization in dramaturgy. He found an antipathy to the use of Wit and quick repartee an equivalent  to dullness and fogginess  which are prevalent throughout the poem in descriptions of Flecknoe  and MacFlecknoe. They are â€Å"scourge of  Wit, and flayle  of Sense†, and Flecknoe chooses the son â€Å"who most resembles [him]† to â€Å"wage immortal war with  Wit†Ã‚  and â€Å"Ne’er to have Peace with  Wit, nor truce with Sense†, since he perceives Shadwell and his group as adversaries of Wit. Dryden defines the humors as employed in Shadwell’s plays in the following terms: â€Å"A Humour is the Byas of the Mind,By which with violence ‘tis one way inclin’d: It make’s our Actions lean on one side still And in all Changes that way bends the Will. † Dryden goes on mocking Shadwell by widening the idea of succession. Flecknoe recommends Shadwell to imitate bad dramatist of Elizabethan period, Heywood and Shirley. Dryden names these two dramatists â€Å"prophet of tautology† which means perfect imitators. Dryden writes: â€Å"Heywood and Shirley were but type of thee, Thou last great prophet of tautology Even I, a dunce of more renown than they Was sent before but to prepare thy way. â€Å" In MacFlecknoe everything is regarded upside down. The same thing happens to literary world. Shadwell, the worst poet who uses tautologies becomes the successor to the throne of â€Å"dullness†. Compared to Heywood, Shirley and Flecknoe, Shadwell is the worst poet who inherits the crown of dullness. Flecknoe supports Shadwell to be his successor by a certain reason. For him, Shadwell is comparable to ancient Greek musician in Greek mythology whose name was Arion. It was told that in a ship some sailors threatened Arion to play lyre. He jumped into the sea where dolphins carried him safely to shore. Flecknoe JIBS (Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra) Vol. 1/ Nomor 2/ Juli Desember 2001129 has a great hope for Shadwell’s future as Dryden writes: here stopped the good old sire, and wept for joy/ In silent raptures of the hopeful boy. Dryden describes that Flecknoe has ever entered the â€Å"nursery†, a London theatre for boys and girls to study drama. In that place, the name of Simpkin, a representation of a bad poet, is noted as the member of the nursery. At this place, Flecknoe designs Shadwell’s throne, Mockingly Dryden describes, instead of carpets there are piles of the limbs of mangled poets. Unknown authors emerge from their hidden place. Flecknoe is on the throne. Shadwell vows to uphold the dullness so successfully maintained by Flecknoe. Dryden continuously mocks Shadwell who has to advance ignorance and fruitless industry. The phrase fruitless industry is an irony for Shadwell indicating that Shadwell is unproductive writer. It is underscored by a long time that he has spent to write The Virtuoso. Shadwell is a slow writer. Flecknoe advises Shadwell to John Dryden and His Satire MacFlecknoe (Joseph Supardjana) 130 let dullness naturally comes to him. The quotation above is a bitter attack to Flecknoe. As an obedient â€Å"son† Shadwell is agree with everything Flecknoe advises him. 3) This moral basis helps to explain why a satire, even a very strong one which does nothing more than attack unremittingly some target, can offer a firm vision of what is right. By attacking what is wrong and exposing it to ridicule the satirist is acquainting the reader with a shared positive moral doctrine, whether the satire actually goes into that doctrine in detail or not. Dryden in Mac Flecknoe does not discuss what good literature is; but by attacking bad literature, he makes it clear what needs to occur if literature is to be valued. In MacFlecknoe, Dryden’s definition of good art also comes to be  strongly associated with class. When he says that bad poetry laden with â€Å"Pure Clinches† or puns is inspired by the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"suburban Muse†, his implication is that it is only the genteel circles of London that produce and read good poetry – thus, Bun-hill and Watling  Street are down-market parts of London which   by virtue of their economic demography can only produce low art. The world that MacFlecknoe  reigns over is the world of artistic production which thrives in burroughs of London which weren’t seen as respectable – and it is this underbelly of the city: brothels â€Å"of lewd loves, and of polluted joys†, actors, and public playhouses which Dryden deems â€Å"realms of nonsense absolute. † To lampoon Shadwell, Dryden employs the form of the mock epic. He uses the metaphor of kingship and succession, but inverts notions of heroism associated with the exploits of the prince to describe the epic proportions of his dullness and stupidity. It does this to magnify the mediocrity of  his work. It uses notions of lineage to speak of Shadwell as the inheritor of a lowly and artless poetic legacy. Through parallels with heroes of the past, the absolutely unheroic qualities of the mock-hero become even more pronounced. Dryden also uses opposing parallels simultaneously to indicate  the nonsensical nature of Shadwell/MacFlecknoe’s status as heir-apparent of the realm of low art. For example, he simultaneously compares him to Ascanius  that is, to the figure of monarchical authority as well as the enemy to Hannibal – the enemy of the State that Ascanius  is supposed  to protect. By implication, then, Shadwell is a threat to the very realm of art which he is supposed to rule. These contradictions make it a realm of artistic meaninglessness. Joseph Addison, an early eighteenth century critic, explains that Dryden’s own definition of wit is â€Å"propriety of words and thoughts adapted to the subject† (Norton Anthology 2497). Although this definition is wide enough to encompass a variety of literature, one can assume through his criticism of Shadwell that unspecified rules for propriety existed in Dryden’s consciousness. As such, the challenge of exhibiting â€Å"true wit† would not have been taken lightly. Political circumstances of the late seventeenth century gave Dryden plenty of material for writing satirical verse. According to the Penguin Dictionary, this time period between the late seventeenth century and early eighteenth century is widely identified as the â€Å"golden age of satire† (783). As many other poets of his time, Dryden’s writings reflect the societal differences shaped during and after the Glorious Revolution. Thomas H. Fujimura, twentieth century Dryden critic, examines the historical context for Dryden’s work in his article, â€Å"The Personal Element in Dryden’s Poetry. Political and religious controversy saturated late seventeenth century England, and Dryden could not be immune from the turmoil surrounding him. Mac Flecknoe deals with public themes, such as carnival and prophecy, one may deduce that he intended literature to relate to community issues. Barbara M. Benedict, Trinity College professor of English literature, declares: â €Å"Dryden exemplifies the fusion of high and low culture† (659). Dryden’s classic epic form relates to local events, demonstrating his response to Britain’s changing literary culture. Like a prophet, Dryden presents literary truths for all people and warns of impending doom, if Shadwell continues to â€Å"rule† and promote poor-quality literature. CONCLUSION MacFlecknoe does engage in part in a discussion on what consists of bad literature, and thus, by corollary, arrives at a sort of definition of good literature in its discussion on the Humours versus Wit and the relation of  Art to Nature, but most often betrays personal prejudices against the origins and beliefs of his rival poet Shadwell and uses these against him, offering many clear instances of lampooning.  MacFlecknoe is a satiric poem which becomes the corner-stone of Dryden success in his poetic career. It strengthened his position as a successful poet in his lifetime. Both as a poem and a satire MacFlecknoe.